1967

Year
1967
Note
Scroll 804 is allocated to West Central Liberal Synagogue, with the note that David Brand has reconstructed this kosher scroll from panels deconstructed from 4 other Torah scrolls.
URL
https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
Year Note URL
906 Raffelstaetten toll regulations – references Jewish traders in Moravia https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bohemia
965 Ibrāhīm ibn Ya‘qūb visited Prague and records Jewish merchants https://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/bohemia
1091 Jewish community recorded in Brno, Moravia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1096 First Crusade pogrom of Bohemian Jews https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1146 Jewish community recorded in Olomouc https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1164 A record of a synagogue in Prague, which may have become the building site of the Altschul https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1264 Ottokar II granted General privileges to Jews, which remained in force until 1848 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1270 Building of the Altneuschul, Prague https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old_New_Synagogue
1354 Charles IV grants the Jews of Prague’s Jewish Town the right to a municipal banner (showing a Magen David) or landesfarben https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1389 Easter attack on the Prague ghetto https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1426 Jihlava starts a process of expulsion of Jews, followed by Brno, Olomouc, Znojmo and Uničov https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1514 Uherské Hradiště expels its Jews https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1526 the printing of the illustrated Prague Haggadah https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1541 partial expulsions of Jews started https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1564 revocation of the Expulsion order https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1586 Mordecai Meisel built the Jewish Town Hall https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Meisel
1592 Mordecai Meisel built the Meisel Synagogue https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Meisel
1592 Rabbi Judah Loew (Maharal of Prague) had a private audience with Emperor rudolf , Prague Castle https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judah_Loew_ben_Bezalel
1601 Death of Mordecai Meisel, and state confiscation of his assets https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mordecai_Meisel
1724 Census showed Jews in 800 Bohemian localities and 52 Moravian communities https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1700 Prague Jewish population of 11,000 people https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1726 Familiants’ Laws enacted to restrict the number of Jewish families, nd restricting inheritance to First Born Sons https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1744 Empress Marie Therese Jewish expulsion laws enacted https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1763 rebuild of the Jewish Town Hall in a Baroque style https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1782 Edict of Toleration for Jews, which enforced the use of German by Jews over Hebrew, Yiddish or Czech. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1849 Law of Freedom of Movement effectively removed the Prague Ghetto gates https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1867 final removal of the Ghetto Laws https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1867 Austro-Hungarian Compromise created the Dual Monarchy of Austria-Hungary, which included Bohemia and Moravia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Austria-Hungary
1837 renovation of the Altschul, Prague https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1867 demolition of Altschul https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1867 Society of Czech-Jewish Academics https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1868 Building of the Spanish Synagogue on the site of the Altschul https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1883 Reform services start in the Cikǻnova Synagogue in the Jewish Old Town https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1893 National Union of Czech Jews https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1894 A Czech Jewish magazine is published https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1900 54% of Bohemian (and Prague ) Jews spoke Czech as a first language. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1906 Association for the Establishment and Maintenance of the Jewish Museum in Prague https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1909 First small exhibition of the Jewish Museum https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1912 Jewish Museum moves to Josefovská Street https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1913 Completion of redevelopment of the Old Jewish Town area https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1918 establishment of the Republic of Czechoslovakia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovakia
1919 looting against Prague Jewish shops https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1920 attack on the Prague Jewish Town Hall, and destruction of its archives https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1926 First permanent exhibition space of the Jewish Museum at 243 Old Cemetery Road, with 1000 objects https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_the_Jews_in_Prague
1933 German anti Jewish legislation begins https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws
1935 Nuremberg Laws https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuremberg_Laws
1938 The Anschluss occupation of Austria https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anschluss
1938 The Second Czech republic degenerates into an authoritarian and discriminatory State https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1938 Munich Agreement forces Czechoslovakia to cede the Sudetenland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Munich_Agreement
1938 The Vienna Awards https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First_Vienna_Award
1938 Kristallnacht includes the burning of 35 synagogues in the Sudetenland https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristallnacht
1939 Slovakia expulsion of Jews https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia
1939 Slovakia declares independence from Czechoslovakia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slovakia
1939 Bohemia and Moravia invaded and becomes a German Protectorate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1939 German invasion of Poland, the start of World War II https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1939 Nuremburg Law census identifies 118,310 Jews in the Protectorate of Bohemia and Moravia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1939 Adolf Eichmann establishes the Central Office for Jewish Emigration in Prague, under the control of Hans Gunther https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1939 Jews are disbarred from professions and academia, and Jewish owned companies begin to be restricted. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1939 Order of the Reich Protector of June 21, 1939 regarding Jewish Property – the start of confiscation of Jewish wealth by the Nazi state in the Protectorate via Hadega https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1940 Jewish Religious Community of Prague was given jurisdiction over all congregations in the Protectorate https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1941 Compulsory wearing of the Yellow Star was introduced for all Jews. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1941 Theresienstadt is established as a Ghetto, and was to receive over 73,000 people, of whom 33,000 were to die there. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresienstadt_Ghetto
1942 Wannsee Conference https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1942 March, Official abolition of all Jewish religious organisations outside of Prague. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1942 Dr Karel Stein requests the Nazi authorities to allow all objects to be sent to the Prague Jewish community. Agreement is given. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1942 June & July, the objects start arriving in Prague https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1942 The Nazis instruct the Jewish Museum to run an exhibition at the Meisel Synagogue. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1943 the Museum staff had process 38,714 objects in the previous 5 months https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1943 The Nazis instruct the Jewish Museum to run an exhibition at the Klausen Synagogue https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1944 The Museum staff process 146,905 object during 1943. They process 65,685 objects during the rest of 1944, until the staff were sent to Auschwitz in October 1944 https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protectorate_of_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1944 From September Soviet forces begin the liberation of Czechoslovakia https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague_offensive
1945 Liberation of Theresenstadt https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theresienstadt_Ghetto
1945 Of the 118,310 Jewish people listed in Bohemia and Moravia by the Nazis in 1939, 14,045 Jews have lived, the rest murdered in Theresenstadt, Auschwitz and other places. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Holocaust_in_Bohemia_and_Moravia
1945 A provisional government is formed in Czechoslovakia by the Government-in-Exile. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile
1946 50 Jewish communities are re-established https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_government-in-exile
1948 a Communist coup took control of Czechoslovakia. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic
1950 All Jewish communities are shut https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Czechoslovak_Socialist_Republic
1950 The Jewish Museum, Prague, is nationalised by the Communist state. https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
1955 Under the direction of Hana Volavková Jewish Museum brings the Sefer Torahs together for storage in the Michle synagogue https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
1961 Hana Volavková retires as Director pf JMP https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
1962 The Communist Government gives agreement for JMP to sell objects in its collection. https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
1963 A delegation from the Chief Rabbi of Jerusalem visits JMP to negotiate the sale of Torahs with Artia. No agreement is reached. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artia_(publisher)
1963 Eric Estorick visits Prague. Negotiations start with Artia for the sale of Scrolls. https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artia_(publisher)
1963 Abramsky and Walker visit Prague to inspect the Scrolls https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1963 Ralph Yablon agrees to buy the scrolls for CZK 180,000 (equivalent to US$30,000, which is equivalent to a purchasing power of $290,000 in 2022. But the same purchasing power in 1963 would have bought three luxury homes in central London.) https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1964 1564 Scrolls arrive in London to their new home at Westminster Synagogue. https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1964 The Scrolls Committee agrees a policy to distribute Sefer Torahs to Jewish communities across the world, prioritising kosher scrolls to Orthodox communities https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1964 Rabbi Pinchas Toledano leads a team of sofrim to evaluate the kashrut status of the 1564 Scrolls, recording dimensions and repair status on our card files, a collection MST still holds https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1965 Chief Rabbi Israel Brodie leads the saying of Kaddish in Westminster Synagogue for the commemoration of those who died in the Holocaust in Bohemia and Moravia https://chiefrabbi.org/
1965 The Czech Scrolls Committee agree the allocation of 50 Sefer Scrolls to the Ministry of Religion, Jerusalem, for allocation to Israeli communities. We look forward to receiving a copy of their allocation list. https://www.gov.il/en/departments/ministry_of_religious_services/govil-landing-page#
1965 Sofer David Brand knocks on the door of Westminster Synagogue and starts a near 30 year relationship repairing Sefer Torah. https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1966 The allocation and delivery of Czech Survivor Scroll starts, with an initial allocation of 3 Torah Scrolls to Westminster Synagogue https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1967 Scroll 804 is allocated to West Central Liberal Synagogue, with the note that David Brand has reconstructed this kosher scroll from panels deconstructed from 4 other Torah scrolls. https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1980 Westminster Synagogue gifts a Sefer Torah scroll to HM Queen Elizabeth II. In 2015 Chief Rabbi Efrem Mirvis records being shown this Czech Survivor Scroll by Prince Philip and HM the Queen when he lunches with the Royal Couple at Windsor Castle. https://www.rct.uk/collection/search#/1/collection/1123995/sefer-torah
1980 The independent Memorial Scrolls Trust is created, and rents space from Westminster Synagogue at Kent House to continue its work https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
1994 The Jewish Museum, Prague, gains independence. https://www.jewishmuseum.cz/en/info/visit/
1995 The first Czech Scrolls Museum is opened by MST at Kent House https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
2005 The second iteration of the Czech Scrolls Museum is opened by MST at Kent House https://memorialscrollstrust.org/
2019 MST is proud to allocate a kosher sefer torah MST740 to the new Orthodox community Zidovska Obec Olomouc , Czech Republic. MST looks eastwards to support the Jewish communities of the Czech republic https://kehila-olomouc.cz/rs/
2021 MST allocates a second kosher sefer torah MST1052 to Ec Chajm progressive synagogue, Prague. https://ecchajim.cz/
2022 MST allocates Scroll MST565 to Beit Theresenstadt, Israel, an education centre set up by survivors of Theresenstadt now living in Israel https://bterezin.org.il/en/home/
2023 MST joins the UK Board of Deputies of British Jews as a Jewish community organisation. https://bod.org.uk/